Masculine and Feminine Norms and Gender Identity Essay

Throughout today’s society, almost every aspect of someone’s day is based whether or not he or she fits into the â€Å"norm† that has been created. Specifically, masculine and feminine norms have a great impact that force people to question â€Å"am I a true man or woman?† After doing substantial research on the basis of masculine or feminine norms, it is clear that society focuses on the males being the dominant figures. If males are not fulfilling the masculine role, and females aren’t playing their role, then their gender identity becomes foggy, according to their personal judgment, as well as society’s. Norms in society do not just come about randomly in one’s life, they start once a child is born. To emphasize, directly from infancy, children†¦show more content†¦In addition, a study was done on children ages 4, 6, and 8 to test flexibility about gender and parental influences. Assessments were focused around gender constancy, judgments about gender norms; results showed that younger children were more rigid than older children, showing parental influence is present (Cyphers, Lisa)(Conry-Murray, Clare). Society also depicts the masculinity is defined by strength, and that women cant handle as much. A study conducted focused on the aspect of pain tolerance in comparison to men and women conforming to the norms, believing that men are stronger; two studies were performed. The first study tested pain tolerance strictly based on using a hypothetical pain stimulus; scientists wanted to prove that people know and encourage norms on pain tolerance. The second study was done to observe knowledge about pain, and tolerance behavior. It required actual stimulus to be taken place on the participants; they experienced electrical impulses at different intensities. Results showed that high identifying men were able to handle more pain than high identifying females’ some men endured the pain because they felt obligated (Pool, G.). Strength and pain tolerance are not only a factor with identifying gender, but emotional expression between genders is a big debate amongst society as well. Men a re thought to be the ones to have aShow MoreRelatedWonder Woman Character Analysis1123 Words   |  5 Pagesfemale’s advances (Hanley, 2014). Women in comic books who were smart, independent, has established storylines and identities, are always fashioned to be villains if they do not fall into the love interest role. Wonder Woman flips the paradigm by embodying those values, all the while being titled a hero. Not only do these masculine traits allow Wonder Woman to defy traditional gender norms, there is also a role reversal between her and Steve Trevor. 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From that day on, they are continually influenced by the adults around them. At the hospital, the baby is given a hat to keep its headRead MoreExamining Sub-Cultures: The Goth Culture1665 Words   |  7 Pagescollaborative norms and values that have been instilled in humanity, with the consideration that this varies across cultures. The paradigm between collective action and individual desire results in the formation of what is deemed socially acceptable, such as gender roles, sexual orientation, gender performance etc. â€Å"It is social norms that provide the constraints by which the interaction between the basic dyad of self and other is governed†¦social norms also provide the source of identity between the

USS Lexington World War Aircraft Carrier CV-2

Authorized in 1916, the US Navy intended USS Lexington to be the lead ship of a new class of battlecruisers. Following the United States entry into World War I, the development of the ship halted as the US Navys need for more destroyers and convoy escort vessels precluded that for a new capital ship. With the conflicts conclusion, Lexington was finally laid down at the Fore River Ship and Engine Building Company in Quincy, MA on January 8, 1921. As workers constructed the ships hull, leaders from around the world met at the Washington Naval Conference. This disarmament meeting called for tonnage limitations to be placed on the navies of the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. As the meeting progressed, work on Lexington was suspended in February 1922 with the ship 24.2% complete. With the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty, the US Navy elected to re-classify Lexington and completed the ship as an aircraft carrier. This aided the service in meeting the new tonnage restrictions set in place by the treaty. As the bulk of the hull was complete, the US Navy elected to retain the battlecruiser armor and torpedo protection as it would have been too expensive to remove. Workers then installed an 866-foot flight deck on the hull along with an island and large funnel. Since the concept of the aircraft carrier was still new, the Bureau of Construction and Repair insisted that the ship mount an armament of eight 8 guns to support its 78 aircraft. These were mounted in four twin turrets fore and aft of the island. Though a single aircraft catapult was installed in the bow, it was seldom used during the ships career. Launched on October 3, 1925, Lexington was completed two years later and entered commission on December 14, 1927, with Captain Albert Marshall in command. This was a month after its sister ship, USS Saratoga (CV-3) joined the fleet. Together, the ships were first large carriers to serve in the US Navy and the second and third carriers after USS Langley. After conducting fitting out and shakedown cruises in the Atlantic, Lexington transferred to the US Pacific Fleet in April 1928. The following year, the carrier took part in Fleet Problem IX as part of the Scouting Force and failed to defend the Panama Canal from Saratoga. Interwar Years Late in 1929, Lexington fulfilled an unusual role for a month when its generators provided power to the city of Tacoma, WA after a drought disabled the citys hydro-electric plant. Returning to more normal operations, Lexington spent the next two years taking part in various fleet problems and maneuvers. During this time, it was commanded by Captain Ernest J. King, the future Chief of Naval Operations during World War II. In February 1932, Lexington and Saratoga operated in tandem and mounted a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor during Grand Joint Exercise No. 4. In a harbinger of things to come, the attack was ruled a success. This feat was repeated by the ships during exercises the following January. Continuing to take part in various training problems over the next several years, Lexington played a key role in developing carrier tactics and developing new methods of underway replenishment. In July 1937, the carrier aided in the search for Amelia Earhart after her disappearance in the South Pacific. World War II Approaches In 1938, Lexington and Saratoga mounted another successful raid on Pearl Harbor during that years Fleet Problem. With tensions rising with Japan two years later, Lexington and the US Pacific Fleet were ordered to remain in Hawaiian waters after exercises in 1940. Pearl Harbor was made the fleets permanent base the following February. Late in 1941, Admiral Husband Kimmel, the Commander-in-Chief of the US Pacific Fleet, directed Lexington to ferry US Marine Corps aircraft to reinforce the base on Midway Island. Departing on December 5, the carriers Task Force 12 was 500 miles southeast of its destination two days later when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Abandoning its original mission, Lexington began an immediate search for the enemy fleet while moving to rendezvous with warships steaming out from Hawaii. Remaining at sea for several days, Lexington was unable to locate the Japanese and returned to Pearl Harbor on December 13. Raiding in the Pacific Quickly ordered back to sea as part of Task Force 11, Lexington moved to attack Jaluit in the Marshall Islands in an effort to divert Japanese attention from the relief of Wake Island. This mission was soon canceled and the carrier returned to Hawaii. After conducting patrols in the vicinity of Johnston Atoll and Christmas Island in January, the new leader the US Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, directed Lexington to join with the ANZAC Squadron in the Coral Sea to protect the sea lanes between Australia and the United States. In this role, Vice Admiral Wilson Brown sought to mount a surprise attack on the Japanese base at Rabaul. This was aborted after his ships were discovered by enemy aircraft. Attacked by a force of Mitsubishi G4M Betty bombers on February 20, Lexington survived the raid unscathed. Still desiring to strike at Rabaul, Wilson requested reinforcements from Nimitz. In response, Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletchers Task Force 17, containing the carrier USS Yorkt own, arrived in early March. As the combined forces moved towards Rabaul, Brown learned on March 8 that the Japanese fleet was off Lae and Salamaua, New Guinea after supporting the landing of troops in that region. Altering the plan, he instead launched a large raid from the Gulf of Papua against the enemy ships. Flying over the Owen Stanley Mountains, F4F Wildcats, SBD Dauntlesses, and TBD Devastators from Lexington and Yorktown attacked on March 10. In the raid, they sank three enemy transports and damaged several other vessels. In the wake of the attack, Lexington received orders to return to Pearl Harbor. Arriving on March 26, the carrier began an overhaul which saw the removal of its 8 guns and addition of new anti-aircraft batteries. With the completion of the work, Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch assumed command of TF 11 and began training exercises near Palmyra Atoll and Christmas Island. Loss at Coral Sea On April 18, the training maneuvers were ended and Fitch received orders to rendezvous with Fletchers TF 17 north of New Caledonia. Alerted to the Japanese naval advance against Port Moresby, New Guinea, the combined Allied forces moved into the Coral Sea in early May. On May 7, after searching for each other for a few days, the two sides began to locate opposing vessels. While Japanese aircraft attacked the destroyer USS Sims and oiler USS Neosho, aircraft from Lexington and Yorktown sank the light carrier Shoho. After the strike on the Japanese carrier, Lexingtons Lieutenant Commander Robert E. Dixon famously radioed, Scratch one flat top! Fighting resumed the next day as American aircraft attacked the Japanese carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku. While the former was badly damaged, the latter was able to take cover in a squall. While the American aircraft were attacking, their Japanese counterparts commenced strikes on Lexington and Yorktown. Around 11:20 AM, Lexington sustained two torpedo hits which caused several boilers to be shut down and reduced the ships speed. Listing slightly to port, the carrier then was struck by two bombs. While one hit the port forward 5 ready ammunition locker and started several fires, the other detonated on the ships funnel and caused little structural damage. Working to save the ship, damage control parties began shifting fuel to correct the list and Lexington began recovering aircraft that were low on fuel. In addition, a new combat air patrol was launched. As the situation aboard began to stabilize, a massive explosion occurred at 12:47 PM when gasoline vapors from the ruptured port aviation fuel tanks ignited. Though the explosion destroyed the ships main damage control station, air operations continued and all of the surviving aircraft from the mornings strike were recovered by 2:14 PM. At 2:42 PM another major explosion tore through the forward part of the ship igniting fires on the hanger deck and leading to a power failure. Though assisted by three destroyers, Lexingtons damage control teams were overwhelmed when a third explosion occurred at 3:25 PM which cut off water pressure to the hanger deck. With the carrier dead in the water, Captain Frederick Sherman ordered the wounded to be evacuated and at 5:07 PM directed the crew to abandon ship. Remaining aboard until the last of the crew had been rescued, Sherman departed at 6:30 PM. All told, 2,770 men were taken from the burning Lexington. With the carrier burning and wracked by further explosions, the destroyer USS Phelps was ordered to sink Lexington. Firing two torpedoes, the destroyer succeeded as the carrier rolled to port and sank. Following Lexingtons loss, workers at the Fore River Yard asked Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox to rename the Essex-class carrier then under construction at Quincy in honor of the lost carrier. He agreed, the new carrier became USS Lexington (CV-16). USS Lexington (CV-2) Fast Facts Nation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Fore River Ship and Engine Building Company, Quincy, MALaid Down: January 8, 1921Launched: October 3, 1925Commissioned: December 14, 1927Fate: Lost to enemy action, May 8, 1942 Specifications Displacement: 37,000 tonsLength: 888 ft.Beam: 107 ft., 6 in.Draft: 32 ft.Propulsion: 4 sets of turbo-electric drive, 16 water-tube boilers, 4 Ãâ€" screwsSpeed: 33.25 knotsRange: 12,000 nautical miles at 14 knotsComplement: 2,791 men Armament (as built) 4 Ãâ€" twin 8-in. guns, 12 Ãâ€" single 5-in. guns Aircraft (as built) 78 aircraft Sources DANFS: USS Lexington (CV-2)Military Factory: USS Lexington (CV-2)US Carriers: USS Lexington (CV-2)

Stretching and Activity Free Essays

* Copy and answer the following questions in a word processing document. * Be sure to save the assignment document to your Personal Fitness folder. * Be sure to save your work as 2_04. We will write a custom essay sample on Stretching and Activity or any similar topic only for you Order Now rtf. Assignment Questions Part I: Beginning the Activity 1. Choose an activity such as walking, running, aerobics, soccer, basketball, or rollerblading. What exercise activity will you participate in? Running 2. Why is the warm-up phase of your training program important? It will stretch each major muscle group which will be worked during the activity you are preparing for. 3. Why is the cool-down phase of your training program important? Stretch all major muscles; focus on those that will have a large demand placed on them. 4. Identify areas of your body in which you have experienced muscle soreness due to vigorous activity. Legs and arms. Part II: Design a Warm-up for Your Personal Needs For each of the following, describe what you will do to prepare your body for the activity that you selected in Part 1, #1. Aerobic exercise: Light jog, slow cycling, easy jump roping, side shuffles (running sideways without crossing your feet), skipping, and jogging backwards. Stretching (stretch all the major muscle groups used): ? Will involve static (still) stretches and/or dynamic (moving) stretches. * Static stretches involve stretching a muscle group as far as you can, without causing pain. Static stretches should be held thirty seconds for maximum effectiveness. * Dynamic stretches, another safe form of stretching, involves slow movements which stretch the muscle groups. Sport-specific exercise: Activities should mimic the movements you will do in the vigorous activity you are preparing for but are done at a lower level of intensity. Part III: Design a Cool-down for Your Personal Needs For each of the following, describe what you will do for your cool-down for the activity that you have selected. Aerobic activity: A slow jog around a field or court is one of the best ways to cool down. Stretching: Static stretch for 10 minutes after the light jogging, cycling, or walk. Recovery: Use the R. I. C. E. D. procedure to treat any sprains, bruises, or strains. Part IV: Practice What You Designed 1. Practice the warm-up you have designed. 2. Consider how the warm-up/cool-down made you feel. Did it help prepare you for the workout? What changes would you consider making for the next workout? Be prepared to discuss this information with your instructor in your Discussion-Based Assessment. It helped me prepare. I would change nothing. What I already I changed was great enough because of how well it made me feel. Part V: Skills and Performance 1. Think about an activity you participate in and explain how each of the skill-related components of balance, reaction time, agility, coordination, power, and speed can enhance your performance levels in that activity. If all the components are combined then you will get stronger, faster, and healthier. How to cite Stretching and Activity, Essay examples

Dictionary of Media and Communication †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Dictionary of Media and Communication. Answer: Introduction: Moral panic can be best defined as a feeling of fear which is spread amongst a high number of people, which at times, threatens the very wellbeing of the entire society. It is deemed ass a process where a social concern is raised on an issue through the mass media or the so called moral entrepreneurs. The media is particularly deemed as a major player when it comes to the dissemination of the moral resentment and this is true for even such cases where they fail to appear as being engaged in a conscious manner in muckraking or in crusading (Watson Hill, 2012). In the following parts, a discussion has been carried where the role played by the media in the moral panics is elucidated. The thesis statement is that media overplays its role when it comes to the moral panics. And in this regard, the discussion would cover the key points which were made by Stanley Cohen, as he is deemed as a key author in this regard. Also, the discussion would discuss how the media can over play their role by transiting from reporting to being a judge. As per Cohen (2011), the society is, every now and then, faced with periods of moral panic. This is in terms of an episode, a condition, a single person or a group of people being deemed as a threat to the values and interests of the society. The nature of moral is presented in a stereotypical and in a stylised fashion through the mass media, the editors, politicians, bishops and the right thinking people guard the moral barricades and after the socially accredited experts pronounce the solutions pursuant to diagnosis, a way of coping is evolved. Cohen has presented the argument, which is aligned with that of Durkheim, that the folk devils created the moral panics in the society, particularly when the society faces anxiety or crisis time and this is done for reasserting the dominant values. Cohen (2011) has argued, like Durkheim, that when the society goes through the time of crisis and anxiety, in order to reassert the dominant values, the moral panics led to the creation of folk de vils. The presence of the moral panics takes place only when the responses are deemed to be outside the purview and where a threat or danger is posed. And in stirring up such concerns, the media not only played a central role, but also amplified the problem. And the media got so much power that a single minute issue could result in a major hysteria, particularly when it served the interests of a specific group of people, who were concerned regarding a particular social issue, for instance, the crime for the teenagers getting out of control (Macionis Plummer, 2008). The study undertaken by Cohen was so influential, that it led to the identification of a number of folk devils and moral panics. There have been a number of concerns raised by the media with regards to child abuse, AIDS, rapists, drugs, baby battering, mugging, blacks, religions, cults, serial killers, pornography, welfare cheats, militant trade unionism, paedophiles, ritual abuses and religious cults. At times, the main issue before such incidents was identified to being very significant, but in the majority of the other cases, the hysteria created on such issue, was simply blown out of proportion. The example of this has been highlighted by Jenkins (1992), where he stated that even though there were a lot of concerns when it came to serial killers, it had to be regarded that such cases were very rare and the same had low rate in the past hundred years. In order to understand how the moral panic actually works, there is a need to take into consideration how the particular media, i.e ., the television and the newspapers identify the issue as a problem, the manner in which it is presented to the audience and the manner in which such an issue could fit into a specific set of social worries or anxieties. And a number of moral panics are depicted as being a serious threat towards the very basic traditional moral values which are related to the family life. An example of this can be seen in AIDS, which first appeared in the initial parts of 1980s. AIDS was dealt with in a very sensational manner, where it was shown to be a gruesome threat to the traditional sexuality (Macionis Plummer, 2008). It has also been argued by Cohen that the portrayal of events by the media shows a deviant amplification which spirals the issue from out of hand and just spreads the problem. This has led to marginalisation and stigmatisation of the mods and rockers as less tolerant and deviants. The reporting of media in 1960s of the two English youth sub cultures that joined the movements which were named as Mods and Rockers. The gags used to move in their own manner for representing their genre in the public and the media. In order to establish the desire of freedom from the traditional norms, these groups were determined on causing hindrance. The gang war of Mods and Rockers were covered in the media in 1964 in the south coast seaside resorts and this raised eyebrows on the role played by the media. The whole issue was hyped and was also reported in a very negative manner, which led to the whole issue being blown out of proportion and caused the public to be very conscious. The media showed dram atic visuals on the television which showed a lot of violence and showed mugging and breaking of the chemist shops. This resulted in mass panic and created hysteria amongst the general public. This led to the government feeling the overwhelmed and had to deploy a lot of police force to satisfy and calm the general public (Kerry-Ward, 2009). Morely and Kuan-Hsing (2005) quoted Halls work, as he described this as a hegemonic crisis due to the struggle between the populist and popular articulations, which caused a lot of resistance between the power bloc and the people. Australia, as a nation, prides itself on being a multicultural nation. And yet, it has had to face a number of issues when it comes to moral panic and the role of media. It has been argued by Martin (2015) that the national identity of Australia is deeply rooted in certain set of people and this has resulted in anxieties towards the fear of Asian Invasion. This is particularly because of the moral panic created against the asylum seekers, particularly against the Muslim-terrorist-refugee issue, which is construed as a transnational folk devil (Martin, 2015). The role of media in this folk devil can be elucidated through the report of October 2006 which featured in The Australian. In this report, it was reported that the drivers declared jihad on duty fee, and refused to carry such passengers who carried with them alcohol. The story was related to the Minneapolis-St Paul International Airport, which was serviced by 900 taxi drivers, and in which around three quarter people were Somali Muslims. The story being genuine could not be assessed easily. As per a spokesman of the airport, the refusal stemmed from the growth in the customer service issues. And on the other hand of this, the statistics of the airport commission highlighted that from 120,000 taxi rides taken from the airport during the past two months, around 0.02%, i.e., only 27 rides were refused. The story which published was taken in isolation, against a particular group of people, who are already perceived as a threat. And yet, the newspaper failed to report the bullet which was fired in the mosque of Perth where 400 people were worshipping, which missed the children and women narrowly. This story was not only sensational but also local and the failure of the newspaper in reporting the mosque shooting showed the over-play of the role media and even the one sided view it works to present before the audience. And this shows that the Australian, did not work as an unbiased media, and instead contributed in the moral panic and folk devil (Aly, 2011). Thus, it can be effectively summarized that when it comes to the media, they play an over amplified role their reporting and majorly contribute towards the moral panic. The perception which is present between the people, particularly something which is wrong, is shown in a manner which proves the same as being true and even intensifies the entire situation. This has been happening since the media came into being and the case of Mods and Rockers, which took place in 1960s, is just an example of the overplayed role of the media and the contribution of it towards the moral panic. The reporting of the entire Muslim taxi driver incident by the Australian is another example, particularly when it reported an issue which took out of the nation and failed to report the incident which followed, where actually people were injured, just because the second one did not match up to the perception which was a common aspect in Australia. Thus, the thesis statement has been established through the dis cussion in an absolute manner. References Aly, W. (2011). Best of 2011: Muslims, myths and moral panic. Retrieved from: https://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2011/10/06/3334026.htm Cohen, S. (2011). Folk Devils and Moral Panics (3rd ed.). Oxon: Routledge, 1. Jenkins, P. (1992). A Murder Wave? Trends in American Serial Homicide 1940-1990. Criminal Justice Review, 17, 1-19. Kerry-Ward, A. (2009). The 20th Century and Then What?: A Philosophical View of Life. UK: Troubador Publishing Ltd, 98. Macionis, J.J., Plummer, K. (2008). Sociology: A Global Introduction (4th ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited, 723. Martin, G. (2015). Stop the boats! Moral panic in Australia over asylum seekers. Journal of Media Cultural Studies, 29(3), 304. Morely, D., Kuan-Hsing, C. (2005). Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge, 163. Watson, J., Hill, A. (2012). Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies (8th ed.). New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 186.